Η ακτιβίστρια του φεμινιστικού κινήματος, ποιήτρια, άφησε την τελευταία της πνοή σε ηλικία 82 ετών στην Σάντα Κρούζ της Καλιφόρνια
Για δεκαετίες κυριάρχησε ως συγγραφέας στο φεμινιστικό κίνημα και την αμερικάνικη διανόηση:
«ποιήτρια που έγινε έκφραση της καταπίεσης των γυναικών και των λεσβιών».
ΙΙ (από τα ΕΙΚΟΣΙ ΠΕΝΤΕ ΕΡΩΤΙΚΑ ΠΟΙΗΜΑΤΑ )
Ξυπνάω στο κρεβάτι σου. Ξέρω ότι έχω ονειρευτεί.
Νωρίτερα, το ξυπνητήρι μάς χώρισε τη μια από την άλλη.
Παρέμεινες στο γραφείο σου για ώρες. Ξέρω καλά ότι το ονειρεύτηκα:
η φίλη μας η ποιήτρια μπαίνει στο δωμάτιό μου
όπου έχω περάσει τις μέρες γράφοντας,
προσχέδια, αντίγραφα, ποιήματα σκορπισμένα παντού,
και επιθυμώ να της δείξω το ποίημα
που είναι το ποίημα της ζωής μου. Αλλά διστάζω
και ξυπνώ. Με έχει ξυπνήσει το φιλί σου
στα μαλλιά. Ονειρεύτηκα ότι ήσουν ένα ποίημα,
λέω, ένα ποίημα που επιθυμούσα να δείξω σε κάποιον…
και γελώ και ονειρεύομαι ξανά ότι επιθυμώ
να σε δείξω σε όλους όσους αγαπώ,
να προχωρήσουμε στα φανερά μαζί
μέσα στην έλξη της βαρύτητας, την καθόλου απλή,
που μεταφέρει την ανάλαφρη χλόη αρκετά μακριά στην ανοδική ανάσα του αέρα.
Ξυπνάω στο κρεβάτι σου. Ξέρω ότι έχω ονειρευτεί.
Νωρίτερα, το ξυπνητήρι μάς χώρισε τη μια από την άλλη.
Παρέμεινες στο γραφείο σου για ώρες. Ξέρω καλά ότι το ονειρεύτηκα:
η φίλη μας η ποιήτρια μπαίνει στο δωμάτιό μου
όπου έχω περάσει τις μέρες γράφοντας,
προσχέδια, αντίγραφα, ποιήματα σκορπισμένα παντού,
και επιθυμώ να της δείξω το ποίημα
που είναι το ποίημα της ζωής μου. Αλλά διστάζω
και ξυπνώ. Με έχει ξυπνήσει το φιλί σου
στα μαλλιά. Ονειρεύτηκα ότι ήσουν ένα ποίημα,
λέω, ένα ποίημα που επιθυμούσα να δείξω σε κάποιον…
και γελώ και ονειρεύομαι ξανά ότι επιθυμώ
να σε δείξω σε όλους όσους αγαπώ,
να προχωρήσουμε στα φανερά μαζί
μέσα στην έλξη της βαρύτητας, την καθόλου απλή,
που μεταφέρει την ανάλαφρη χλόη αρκετά μακριά στην ανοδική ανάσα του αέρα.
"Η στιγμή της αλλαγής είναι το μόνο ποίημα..."
μτφρ.: Χίλντα Παπαδημητρίου
Η Andrienne Rich είναι μία από τις πιο δημοφιλείς και πολυδιαβασμένες ποιήτριες του δεύτερου μισού του 20ού αιώνα. Μπορεί στην Ελλάδα να μην κυκλοφορεί καμία από τις δεκαεννέα ποιητικές συλλογές της, ποιήματά της όμως βρίσκονται σκόρπια στο Διαδίκτυο. Εκτός από ποιήτρια, είναι οξυδερκής θεωρητικός του φεμινιστικού κινήματος, στρατευμένη φεμινίστρια και η ίδια από τις αρχές της δεκαετίας του '70.
Η Rich γεννήθηκε το 1929 στη Βαλτιμόρη. Το 1951, φοιτήτρια ακόμη στο κολέγιο Ράντκλιφ, εξέδωσε την πρώτη ποιητική συλλογή της, A Change of World, για την οποία τιμήθηκε με το βραβείο πρωτοεμφανιζόμενου ποιητή του πανεπιστημίου Γέιλ, κατόπιν σύστασης του Γ.Χ. Ωντεν. Το βιβλίο κυκλοφόρησε με εισαγωγή του Ωντεν, η οποία θεωρείται μνημείο ανδρικής συγκαταβατικότητας προς μια νέα ποιήτρια. Στις αρχές της δεκαετίας του '50, παντρεύτηκε τον καθηγητή του Χάρβαρντ, Αλφρεντ Κόνραντ, με τον οποίο απέκτησε τρεις γιους. Οι οικογενειακές υποχρεώσεις την απομάκρυναν για κάποιο διάστημα από το γράψιμο, αλλά το 1963 επανήλθε με το Snapshots of a Daughter-In-Law, τη συλλογή που την έκανε διάσημη στις ΗΠΑ. Η ποίησή της είχε αρχίσει να αποκτάει ένα πιο προσωπικό χαρακτήρα και η γλώσσα της να γίνεται πιο χαλαρή κι ανεπίσημη.
Το 1966, μετακόμισε οικογενειακώς στη Νέα Υόρκη, όπου αναμείχθηκε ενεργά στο αντιπολεμικό κίνημα, το κίνημα για τα δικαιώματα των μαύρων και στο ριζοσπαστικό φεμινισμό. Η πολιτικοποίησή της αντικατοπτρίζεται στην ποίησή της, η οποία εστιάζει κυρίως στον ρόλο της γυναίκας μέσα στην κοινωνία, χωρίς να αδιαφορεί για τον ρατσισμό, την ομοφοβία και τον αντισημιτισμό. Το 1970, εγκατέλειψε τον σύζυγό της, ο οποίος αυτοκτόνησε λίγο αργότερα. Το 1973, κυκλοφόρησε τη συλλογή Diving into the Wreck, για την οποία τής απονεμήθηκε το National Book Award. Το παρέλαβε μαζί με τις συνυποψήφιές της, Αλις Γουόκερ και Ωντρι Λορντ, στο όνομα όλων των γυναικών που εξαναγκάζονται στη σιωπή. Εκτοτε, τιμήθηκε με πολλά βραβεία ακόμη για το ποιητικό της έργο και την πολιτική της στάση, αν και το 1997 αρνήθηκε να παραλάβει το Εθνικό Αριστείο Τεχνών της κυβέρνησης Κλίντον, με τη δήλωση: «Δεν μπορώ να δεχτώ ένα βραβείο από τον πρόεδρο Κλίντον ή τον Λευκό Οίκο διότι το νόημα της τέχνης, όπως το καταλαβαίνω εγώ, είναι ασυμβίβαστο με την κυνική πολιτική της σημερινής κυβέρνησης».
Το 1986, έγραψε το πιο σημαντικό θεωρητικό βιβλίο της, με τίτλο Of Woman Born: Motherhood as Experience and Institution (κυκλοφορεί από τις εκδόσεις Λιβάνη ως Γέννημα Γυναίκας: Η μητρότητα σαν εμπειρία και θεσμός, μτφρ. Αγγ. Βερυκοκάκη-Αρτέμη). Το 1976 παραδέχτηκε ανοιχτά ότι είναι λεσβία, και έκτοτε ζει μαζί με τη σύντροφό της, την ποιήτρια, μυθιστοριογράφο και ακαδημαϊκό, Μισέλ Κλιφ.
XIII (Αφιερώσεις)
Ξέρω διαβάζεις αυτό το ποίημα
αργά, λίγο πριν φύγεις από το γραφείο
με το δυνατό κίτρινο σποτάκι και το παράθυρο που σκοτεινιάζει
μέσα στο λήθαργο ενός κτιρίου που 'χει ησυχάσει
πολύ μετά την ώρα αιχμής. Ξέρω διαβάζεις αυτό το ποίημα
όρθια σ' ένα βιβλιοπωλείο μακριά απ' τον ωκεανό
μια γκρίζα μέρα της πρώιμης άνοιξης, με τις αραιές νιφάδες να χορεύουν
στις αχανείς πεδιάδες που απλώνονται γύρω σου.
Ξέρω διαβάζεις αυτό το ποίημα
σ' ένα δωμάτιο όπου έχουν συμβεί πολλά που δεν αντέχεις
τα σκεπάσματα σπείρες ακίνητες στο κρεβάτι
και η ανοιχτή βαλίτσα μιλάει για αναχώρηση
αλλά εσύ δεν μπορείς ακόμα να φύγεις. Ξέρω διαβάζεις αυτό το ποίημα
καθώς το υπόγειο τρένο κόβει ταχύτητα και πριν ανεβείς
τρέχοντας τις σκάλες
προς ένα καινούργιο είδος αγάπης
που η ζωή ως τώρα δεν σου 'χε επιτρέψει.
Ξέρω διαβάζεις αυτό το ποίημα δίπλα στο φως
που ρίχνει η τηλεόραση καθώς εικόνες χωρίς ήχο γλιστρούν σπασμωδικά
κι εσύ περιμένεις το δελτίο ειδήσεων για την ιντιφάντα.
Ξέρω διαβάζεις αυτό το ποίημα σε μια αίθουσα αναμονής
που τη μοιράζεσαι με ξένους,
καθώς οι ματιές σας σμίγουν και τραβιούνται αμήχανα.
Ξέρω διαβάζεις αυτό το ποίημα κάτω απ' τις λάμπες φθορισμού
στην ανία και την αγγαρεία των νέων που δεν μετράνε,
κι ούτε οι ίδιοι μετρούν τον εαυτό τους, από πολύ μικροί. Ξέρω
διαβάζεις αυτό το ποίημα με όραση που χάνεται, οι χοντροί
φακοί μεγεθύνουν τούτα τα γράμματα πέρα από κάθε νόημα αλλά εσύ συνεχίζεις
γιατί ακόμα και το αλφάβητο είναι πολύτιμο.
Ξέρω διαβάζεις αυτό το ποίημα καθώς πηγαινοέρχεσαι δίπλα στην κουζίνα
ζεσταίνοντας γάλα, μ' ένα μωρό στον ώμο που κλαίει, ένα βιβλίο
στο χέρι
γιατί η ζωή είναι σύντομη κι εσύ διψάς πολύ.
Ξέρω διαβάζεις αυτό το ποίημα που δεν είν' στη γλώσσα σου
μαντεύοντας λέξεις ενώ άλλες σε σπρώχνουν να συνεχίσεις
και θέλω να μάθω ποιες λέξεις είν' αυτές.
Ξέρω διαβάζεις αυτό το ποίημα στήνοντας αυτί για κάτι, διχασμένη
ανάμεσα σε πίκρα και ελπίδα
επιστρέφοντας στο καθήκον που δεν μπορείς να αρνηθείς.
Ξέρω διαβάζεις αυτό το ποίημα γιατί δεν έχει μείνει τίποτα άλλο να διαβάσεις
εκεί που προσγειώθηκες, ολόγυμνη όπως είσαι.
Υποψήφιοι Μετανάστες Παρακαλώ Σημειώστε
Είτε θα περάσετε
αυτή την πόρτα,
είτε δεν θα την περάσετε.
Αν την περάσετε
υπάρχει πάντα ο κίνδυνος
το όνομά σας να θυμάστε.
Τα πράγματα θα σας κοιτούν δυο φορές
θα πρέπει να τα κοιτάτε κι εσείς
και να τ' αφήνετε να συμβούν.
Αν δεν την περάσετε
είναι πιθανό
να ζήσετε με αξιοπρέπεια
να διατηρήσετε τις απόψεις σας
να κρατήσετε τη θέση σας
να πεθάνετε γενναία
αλλά πολλά θα σας τυφλώσουν
πολλά θα σας ξεφύγουν
με τι κόστος, άραγε` ποιος ξέρει;
Η πόρτα η ίδια
Δεν υπόσχεται τίποτα.
Είναι απλώς μια πόρτα.
Γυναίκες
Οι τρεις αδελφές μου κάθονται
σε βράχους μαύρου οψιανού
Πρώτη φορά, σ' αυτό το φως, μπορώ να δω ποιες είναι.
Η πρώτη μου αδελφή ράβει στολή για την παρέλαση.
Θα πάει ντυμένη Διάφανη κυρία
με όλα τα νεύρα ορατά κάτω από το δέρμα.
Η δεύτερη αδελφή μου μαντάρει,
τη ραφή στην καρδιά της που δεν γιατρεύτηκε ποτέ,
Κι ελπίζει να μαλακώσει, επιτέλους, κείνο το σφίξιμο στο στήθος.
Η τρίτη αδελφή μου ατενίζει
το άπλωμα στα δυτικά μιας φλούδας σκουροκόκκινης πέρα μακριά στη θάλασσα.
Οι κάλτσες της έχουν σκιστεί αλλά είναι όμορφη.
hildapap@otenet.gr
Adrienne Rich
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Adrienne Cecile Rich (May 16, 1929 – March 27, 2012) was an American poet, essayist and feminist. She has been called "one of the most widely read and influential poets of the second half of the 20th century",[1][2] and was credited with bringing "the oppression of women and lesbians to the forefront of poetic discourse."[3]
Her first collection of poetry, A Change of World, was selected by the senior poet W. H. Auden for the Yale Series of Younger Poets Award; he went on to write the introduction to the published volume. Rich famously declined the National Medal of Arts, protesting the United States House of Representatives and Speaker Gingrich's vote to end funding for the National Endowment for the Arts.
Life and career
Early life
Adrienne Rich was born in Baltimore, Maryland, the older of two sisters. Her father, the renowned pathologist Arnold Rice Rich, was the Chairman of Pathology at The Johns Hopkins Medical School, and her mother, Helen Elizabeth (Jones) Rich,[4] was a concert pianist (before she married) and a composer. Her father was from a Jewish family[5], and her mother was Southern Protestant;[6] the girls were raised as Christians. Adrienne Rich's early poetic influence stemmed from her father who encouraged her to read but also to write her own poetry. Her interest in literature was sparked within her father's library where she read the work of writers such asIbsen,[7] Arnold, Blake, Keats, Rossetti, and Tennyson. Her father was ambitious for Adrienne and "planned to create a prodigy." Adrienne Rich and her younger sister were home schooled by their mother until Adrienne began public education in the fourth grade. The poems Sources and After Dark document her relationship with her father, describing how she worked hard to fulfill her parents' ambitions for her—moving into a world in which she was expected to excel.[7]
In later years, Rich went to Roland Park Country School, which she described as a "good old fashioned girls school [that] gave us fine role models of single women who were intellectually impassioned." [8] After graduating from high school, Rich gained her college diploma at Radcliffe College, Harvard, where she focused primarily on poetry and learning writing craft, encountering no women teachers at all.[8] In 1951, her last year at college, Rich's first collection of poetry, A Change of World, was selected by the senior poet W. H. Auden for theYale Series of Younger Poets Award; he went on to write the introduction to the published volume. Following her graduation, Rich received a Guggenheim Fellowship, to study in Oxford for a year. Following a visit to Florence , she decided to cut short her study at Oxford and spend her remaining time in Europe writing and exploring Italy .[9]
[edit]Early career: 1953–1975
In 1953, Rich married Alfred Haskell Conrad, an economics professor at Harvard University, whom she had met as an undergraduate. She had said of the match: "I married in part because I knew no better way to disconnect from my first family ... I wanted what I saw as a full woman's life, whatever was possible." [9] They settled in Cambridge, Massachusetts and had three sons. The birth of David in 1955 coincided with the publication of her second volume, The Diamond Cutters, a collection she said she wished had not been published.[9] That same year, she also received the Ridgely Torrence Memorial Award for the Poetry Society of America.[10] Her second son, Paul, was born in 1957, followed by Jacob in 1959.
We are, I am, you are
by cowardice or courage
the one who find our way
back to this scene
carrying a knife, a camera
a book of myths
in which
our names do not appear.
by cowardice or courage
the one who find our way
back to this scene
carrying a knife, a camera
a book of myths
in which
our names do not appear.
“
”
From "Diving into the Wreck"
Diving into the Wreck: Poems 1971-1972 (1973)[11]
Diving into the Wreck: Poems 1971-1972 (1973)[11]
The 1960s began a period of change in Rich's life: she received the National Institute of Arts and Letters award (1960), her second Guggenheim Fellowship to work at the Netherlands Economic Institute (1961), and the Bollingen Foundation grant for the translation of Dutch poetry (1962).[10][12][13] In 1963, Rich published her third collection, Snapshots of a Daughter-in-Law, which was a much more personal work examining her female identity, reflecting the increasing tensions she experienced as a wife and mother in the 1950s, marking a substantial change in Rich's style and subject matter. In her 1982 essay "Split at the Root: An Essay on Jewish Identity", Rich states "The experience of motherhood was eventually to radicalize me." The book met with harsh reviews. She comments, "I was seen as 'bitter' and 'personal'; and to be personal was to be disqualified, and that was very shaking because I'd really gone out on a limb ... I realised I'd gotten slapped over the wrist, and I didn't attempt that kind of thing again for a long time."[9]
Moving her family to New York in 1966, Rich became involved with the New Left and became heavily involved in anti-war, civil right, and feminist activism.[13]Her husband took a teaching position at City College of New York.[13] In 1968, she signed the “Writers and Editors War Tax Protest” pledge, vowing to refuse tax payments in protest against the Vietnam-America War.[14] Her collections from this period include Necessities of Life (1966), Leaflets (1969), andThe Will to Change (1971), which reflect increasingly radical political content and interest in poetic form.[13]
From 1967 to 1969, Rich lectured at Swarthmore College and taught at Columbia University School
In 1971, she was the recipient of the Shelley Memorial Award from the Poetry Society of America and spent the next year and a half teaching at Brandeis University
Later life: 1976–2012
In 1976, Rich began her lifelong partnership with Jamaican-born novelist and editor Michelle Cliff. In her controversial work Of Woman Born: Motherhood as Experience and Institution, published the same year, Rich acknowledged that, for her, lesbianism was a political as well as a personal issue, writing, "The suppressed lesbian I had been carrying in me since adolescence began to stretch her limbs." [9] The pamphlet Twenty-One Love Poems (1977), which was incorporated into the following year's Dream of a Common Language (1978), marked the first direct treatment of lesbian desire and sexuality in her writing, themes which run throughout her work afterwards, especially inA Wild Patience Has Taken Me This Far (1981) and some of her late poems in The Fact of a Doorframe (2001).[18] In her analytical work Adrienne Rich: the moment of change, Langdell suggests these works represent a central rite of passage for the poet, as she (Rich) crossed a threshold into a newly constellated life and a "new relationship with the universe".[19] During this period, Rich also wrote a number of key socio-political essays, including "Compulsory Heterosexuality and Lesbian Existence", one of the first to address the theme of lesbian existence.[9] In this essay, she asks "how and why women's choice of women as passionate comrades, life partners, co-workers, lovers, community, has been crushed, invalidated, forced into hiding".[9] Some of the essays were republished in On Lies, Secrets and Silence: Selected Prose, 1966–1978 (1979). In integrating such pieces into her work, Rich claimed her sexuality and took a role in leadership for sexual equality.[9]
From 1976 to 1979, Rich taught at City College as well as Rutgers University as an English Professor. In 1979, she received an honorary doctorate from Smith College and moved with Cliff to Montague , MA Santa Cruz , where Rich continued her career as a professor, lecturer, poet, and essayist. Rich and Cliff took over editorship of the lesbian arts journal Sinister Wisdom (1981 - 1983). [20][21] Rich taught and lectured at Scripps College, San Jose State University, and Stanford University during the 1980s and 1990s.[21] From 1981 to 1987, Rich served as an A.D. White Professor-At-Large for Cornell University.[22] Rich published several in the next few years: Your Native Land, Your Life(1986), Blood, Bread, and Poetry (1986), and Time’s Power: Poems 1985-1988 (1989). She also was awarded the Ruth Paul Lilly Poetry Prize (1986), the Elmer Holmes Bobst Award in Arts and Letters from NYU, and the National Poetry Association Award for Distinguished Service to the Art of Poetry (1989).[10][15]
Janice Raymond cited Rich in the acknowledgments section of her 1979 book The Transsexual Empire, writing "Adrienne Rich has been a very special friend and critic. She has read the manuscript through all its stages and provided resources, creative criticism, and constant encouragement." In the chapter "Sappho by Surgery" of The Transsexual Empire, Raymond cites a conversation with Rich in which Rich describedtrans women as "men who have given up the supposed ultimate possession of manhood in a patriarchal society by self-castration".[23]
Rich's work with the New Jewish Agenda led to the founding of Bridges: A Journal for Jewish Feminists and Our Friends in 1990, a journal of which Rich served as the editor.[24] This work coincided explored the relationship between private and public histories, especially in the case of Jewish women's rights. Her next published piece, An Atlas of the Difficult World (1991), won both the Los Angeles Times Book Award in Poetry and the Lenore Marshall/Nation Award as well as the Poet's Prize in 1993 and Commonwealth Award in Literature in 1991.[10][15] During the 1990s Rich became an active member of numerous advisory boards such as the Boston Woman’s Fund, National Writers Union and Sisterhood in Support of Sisters in South Africa. On the role of the poet, she wrote, "We may feel bitterly how little our poems can do in the face of seemingly out-of-control technological power and seemingly limitless corporate greed, yet it has always been true that poetry can break isolation, show us to ourselves when we are outlawed or made invisible, remind us of beauty where no beauty seems possible, remind us of kinship where all is represented as separation."[25] In July 1994, Rich won the MacArthur Fellowship and Award, specifically the "Genius Grant" for her work as a poet and writer.[26] Also in 1992, Rich became a grandmother to Julia Arden Conrad and Charles Reddington Conrad.[10]
There's a place between two stands of trees where the grass grows uphill
and the old revolutionary road breaks off into shadows
near a meeting-house abandoned by the persecuted
who disappeared into those shadows.
I've walked there picking mushrooms at the edge of dread, but don't be fooled
this isn't a Russian poem, this is not somewhere else but here,
our country moving closer to its own truth and dread,
its own ways of making people disappear.
and the old revolutionary road breaks off into shadows
near a meeting-house abandoned by the persecuted
who disappeared into those shadows.
I've walked there picking mushrooms at the edge of dread, but don't be fooled
this isn't a Russian poem, this is not somewhere else but here,
our country moving closer to its own truth and dread,
its own ways of making people disappear.
“
”
From "What kinds of times are these?"[27]
In 1997, Rich declined the National Medal of Arts in protesting against the House of Representatives’ vote to end the National Endowment for the Arts as well as other policies of the Clinton Administration regarding the arts generally and literature in particular, stating that "I could not accept such an award from President Clinton or this White House because the very meaning of art, as I understand it, is incompatible with the cynical politics of this administration...[Art] means nothing if it simply decorates the dinner table of the power which holds it hostage".[13][28][29] Her next few volumes were a mix of poetry and essays: Midnight Salvage: Poems 1995-1998 (1999), The Art of the Possible: Essays and Conversations (2001), and Fox: Poems 1998-2000(2001).
In the early 2000s, Rich participated in anti-war activities, protesting against the threat of war in Iraq , both through readings of her poetry and other activities. In 2002, she was appointed a chancellor of the newly augmented board of the Academy of American Poets, along with Yusef Komunyakaa, Lucille Clifton, Jay Wright (who declined the honor, refusing to serve), Louise Gluck,Heather McHugh, Rosanna Warren, Charles Wright, Robert Creeley, and Michael Palmer.[10] She was the winner of the 2003 Yale Bollingen Prize for American Poetry and applauded by the panel of judges for her "honesty at once ferocious, humane, her deep learning, and her continuous poetic exploration and awareness of multiple selves."[15]
Rich died on March 27 2012, at the age of 82 in her Santa Cruz , California
Selected awards and honours
Yale Younger Poets Award (1950) for A Change of World.
National Institute of Arts and Letters Award (1960)
Shelley Memorial Award (1970)
National Book Award for Poetry (1974, a split award) for Diving into the Wreck[32]
Honorary Doctorate Smith College
Inaugural Ruth Lilly Poetry Prize (1986)
Honorary doctorate from Harvard University (1989)
National Poetry Association Award for Distinguished Service to the Art of Poetry (1989)
William Whitehead Award for Lifetime Achievement (for gay or lesbian writing) (1990)
Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1991)[33]
Lenore Marshall Poetry Prize (1992)
Poets' Prize (1992) for Atlas of the Difficult World
Frost Medal (1992)
MacArthur Fellowship (1994)
Wallace Stevens Award (1996)
National Medal of Arts (1997) (refused)
Lifetime Achievement Award from the Lannan Foundation (1999)
Lifetime Recognition Award from the Griffin Poetry Prize (2010)
Rich's works
Nonfiction books
Of Woman Born: Motherhood as Experience and Institution. Norton. 1976. ISBN 978-0-393-31284-3.
On Lies, Secrets and Silence: Selected Prose, 1966–1978, 1979
Blood, Bread, and Poetry: Selected Prose, 1979–1985, 1986 (Includes the noted essay: "Compulsory Heterosexuality and Lesbian Existence")
What Is Found There: Notebooks on Poetry and Politics, 1993
Arts of the Possible: Essays and Conversations. W.W. Norton. 2001. ISBN 978-0-393-05045-5.
Poetry and Commitment: An Essay, 2007
A Human Eye: Essays on Art in Society, 1997–2008, 2009
Poetry collections
A Change of World. Yale University
The Diamond Cutters, and Other Poems. Harper. 1955.
Snapshots of a daughter-in-law: poems, 1954-1962. Harper & Row. 1963.
Necessities of life: poems, 1962-1965. W.W. Norton. 1966.
Selected Poems. Chatto & Hogarth P Windus. 1967.
Leaflets. W.W. Norton. 1969. ISBN 978-0-03-930419-5.
The Will to Change: Poems 1968-1970. Norton. 1971.
Diving into the Wreck. W.W. Norton. 1973. ISBN 978-0-393-31163-1.
Poems: Selected and New, 1950-1974. Norton. 1975. ISBN 978-0-393-04392-1.
Twenty-one Love Poems. Effie's Press. 1976.
The Dream of a Common Language. Norton. 1978. ISBN 978-0-393-04502-4.
A Wild Patience Has Taken Me this Far: Poems 1978-1981. W. W. Norton & Company, Incorporated. 1982. ISBN 978-0-393-31037-5. (reprint 1993)
Sources. Heyeck Press. 1983.
The Fact of a Doorframe: Poems Selected and New, 1950-1984. W. W. Norton & Company, Incorporated. 1984. ISBN 978-0-393-31075-7.
Time’s Power: Poems, 1985-1988. Norton. 1989. ISBN 978-0-393-02677-1.
An Atlas of the Difficult World: Poems 1988-1991. Norton. 1991. ISBN 978-0-393-03069-3.
Collected Early Poems, 1950-1970. W. W. Norton & Company, Incorporated. 1993. ISBN 978-0-393-31385-7.
Dark Fields of the Republic: Poems, 1991-1995. W.W. Norton. 1995. ISBN 978-0-393-03868-2.
Selected poems, 1950-1995. Salmon Pub.. 1996. ISBN 978-1-897648-78-0.
Midnight Salvage: Poems, 1995-1998. Norton. 1999. ISBN 978-0-393-04682-3.
Fox: Poems 1998-2000. W W Norton & Co Inc. 2001. ISBN 978-0-393-32377-1. (reprint 2003)
The School Among the Ruins: Poems, 2000-2004. W. W. Norton & Co.. 2004. ISBN 978-0-393-32755-7.
Telephone Ringing in the Labyrinth: Poems 2004–2006. 2007. ISBN 978-0-393-06565-7.
Tonight No Poetry Will Serve: Poems 2007-2010. 2010. ISBN 0-393-07967-8.
See also
References
^ Nelson, Cary, editor. Anthology of Modern American Poetry. Oxford University
^ March 28, 2012 . "Poet Adrienne Rich, 82, has died - latimes.com". Latimesblogs.latimes.com. Retrieved 2012-03-29.
^ Flood, Alison (29 March 2012). "Adrienne Rich, award-winning poet and essayist, dies". The Guardian. Retrieved 29 March 2012.
^ "Adrienne Cecile Rich | Jewish Women's Archive". Jwa.org. Retrieved 2012-03-29.
^ Langdell, Cheri Colby (2004). Adrienne Rich: the moment of change. Greenwood Publishing Group, Incorporated. p. 20. ISBN 9780313316050.
^ A to Z of American women writers - Carol Kort. Books.google.ca. 2007-10-30.
^ a b Martin, Wendy (1984) An American triptych: Anne Bradstreet, Emily Dickinson, Adrienne Rich The University of North Carolina Press p174 ISBN 0-8078-4112-9
^ a b c d e f g h i j Guardian article, profile: "Poet and pioneer". 15 June 2002. Accessed 2010-08-10
^ a b c d e f g h i Langdell, Cherl Colby (2004). Adrienne Rich: The Moment of Change. Westport , CT
^ "American Academy of Arts and Letters". American Academy
^ “Writers and Editors War Tax Protest” January 30, 1968 New York Post
^ Shuman (2002) p1276
^ "The Poetry Foundation". Adrienne Rich. Retrieved Dec 12, 2011.
^ Aldrich and Wotherspoon (2000) Who's Who in Gay and Lesbian History, Vol 2. Routledge p352 ISBN 0-415-22974-X.
^ Langdell, Cheri Colby (2004) Adrienne Rich: the moment of change. p159 Praeger Publishers ISBN 0-313-31605-8
^ a b Cucinella, Catherine (2002) Contemporary American women poets: an A-to-Z guide. p295 Greenwood Press ISBN 0-313-31783-6
^ Raymond, Janice G. (1994). The Transsexual Empire (2nd ed.). New York , NY : Teachers College Press, Columbia University
^ Rich, Adrienne (2001). Arts of the Possible: Essays and Conversations. New York : W.W. Norton & Company. pp. 138–144.
^ "Adrienne Rich: Online Essays and Letters". English.illinois.edu. Retrieved March 28, 2012.
^ "MacArthur: The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation". Fellow Program. Retrieved Dec 12, 2011.
^ "What kinds of times are these?" Poetry Foundation.
^ In a Protest, Poet Rejects Arts Medal The New York Times article July 11, 1997. Accessed 10 February 2010
^ Rich, Adrienne (2001). Adrienne Rich. ed. Arts of the Possible: Essays and Conversations. New York : W.W. Norton & Company. pp. 95–105.
^ "Adrienne Rich". The Daily Telegraph. 29 March 2012. Retrieved 29 March 2012.
^ "National Book Awards – 1974". National Book Foundation. Retrieved 2012-03-11. (With acceptance speech by Rich and essay by Evie Shockley from the Awards 60-year anniversary blog.)
^ "Book of Members, 1780-2010: Chapter R". American Academy
^ "Distinguished Contribution to American Letters". National Book Foundation. Retrieved 2012-03-11. (With acceptance speech by Rich and introduction by Mark Doty.)
Further reading
Colby Langdell, Cheri (2004) Adrienne Rich: The Moment of Change Praeger ISBN 0-313-31605-8
Gioia, Dana (January 1999) "Midnight Salvage: Poems 1995-1998" (first published in San Francisco Magazine)
Henneberg, Sylvia (2010) The Creative Crone: Aging and the Poetry of May Sarton and Adrienne Rich University of Missouri ISBN 0-8262-1861-X
Keyes, Claire (2008) The Aesthetics of Power: The Poetry of Adrienne Rich University of Georgia Press ISBN 0-8203-3351-4
Shuman, R. Baird (2002) Great American Writers: Twentieth Century. Marshall Cavendish
Yorke, Liz (1998) Adrienne Rich: Passion, Politics and the Body Sage Publications ISBN 0-8039-7727-1
External links
Profile at Academy of American Poets. Retrieved 2010-01-08
Profile and poems written and audio at Poetry Foundation. Retrieved 2010-01-08
Profile and poems written and audio at Poetry Archive. Retrieved 2010-01-08
Profile at Modern American Poets. Retrieved 2010-01-08
Profile at Barclay Agency and Rich videos. Retrieved 2010-01-08
Griffin Poetry Prize Profile and videos. Retrieved 2010-01-08
Reading and conversation at Lannan Foundation September 29 1999 (audio, 48 mins). Retrieved 2010-01-08
Extensive audio recordings of Rich at PennSound, University of Virginia. Retrieved 2010-01-08
"Legislators of the world" poetry article by Rich at The Guardian, November 18, 2006. Retrieved 2010-01-08
"Adrienne Rich Papers". Archive at Schlesinger Library from the Radcliffe Institute. Retrieved 2010-01-08
Works by or about Adrienne Rich in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
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